Genetic diseases and DNA modification.

@teacup.. Sickle cell is 100% genetic, we know which gene is affected in it and what mutation happens and how that affects the RBC leading to sickling >.> it's an autosomal recessive pattern. But yes, Diabetes and obesity aren't listed as genetic, they are considered multifactorial, which means, genes are one cause of it but environmental factors are another! In fact, even those diseases have been studied thoroughly and categorized into many types. Like diabetes has Type 1 and Type 2, Type 1 is less associated with genetics as compared to Type 2. And Type 2 is more associated with obesity than genetics. In Obesity, I am aware of 2 types if not more, hyperplastic and non-hyperplastic. Hyperplastic is more associated with genetics as increased number of fat cells are deposited at early childhood/adulthood and it is harder to overcome as well. Gene therapy in sickle cell disease, in theory, should be a lot helpful, but those other diseases you mentioned will be questionable~ but there are so many other well established genetic disorders that need gene therapy like cleft lip, down syndrome, etc.

^Pregnancy is always associated with insulin resistance in the body compared to normal women because of the hormones produced during it, So pregnant women have higher tendency for diabetes type 2. Thus the risk factors for pregnancy-induced diabetes are the same as type 2 diabetes:- Overweight, family history of type 2, previous episodes of type 2 or additionally type 1 present. Moreover, any risk factor for abnormal hormone production like Polycystic ovarian syndrome can also lead to Pregnancy induced diabetes.

I think you mean type 1 is more associated with genetics. Diabetes is most definitely multifactor, which is why it's hard to treat. Antibiotic stewardship is annoying especially nowadays when you have bugs resistant to everything except the big guns and those are all incredibly expensive :(

on the topic of down syndrome, the condition is so broad you can have some who have the condition so bad they dont progress past the age of 4, while others can hold down jobs the school my mother worked at only had maybe one or two people with down syndrome, i cant remember correctly, so when i speak on this topic its more about mental retardation in general. i also have first hand experience because in elementary school i was put in the special ed class (thanks florida educational system) and there were kids who had IQ's of 70. These people know they arent as "smart" as the people around them, they are aware of that. there were times actually where the kids would get violent as well, because they didnt have restraint a "normal" person would have (but again, im talking on the lower end of the spectrum). at my mothers school there was a man who threw his lunch box into the window, breaking it, in a tantrum. i also have a learning disability, and it frustrates me when i have trouble reading or doing basic math. but the problem with downs is that its so obvious someone has it because of their unique faces. which means the prevalence of bullying and being stared at is higher then some other conditions similar. i dont know too much about it honestly, just from what iv seen, but i imagine the higher the cognition the happier they are because frustration is less for them. i understand where your coming from, seeing a lower functioning (boy i hope im using the right wording) smile is a very sweet sight. it does just look like a pure, innocent happiness. but truly, the grass is greener, and they have a lot of issues as well. it's just hard to lump all downs people together because of the spectrum of independants.